*Materi ekonomi manajemen internasional

Theory of comparative advantage
Multinational businesses are increasing over time. Some of this growth is due to an increase in understanding that specialization by a country can increase production efficiency. Some countries, such as Japan and the US, have technological advantages, while other countries, such as Jamaica, Mexico and North Korea have an advantage in basic labor costs. If a country specializes in several products, the country may not produce other goods, so trade between countries becomes important. This is the argument put forward

2. Product Cycle Theory
One well-known explanation of why companies become MNCs (multinational companies) is product cycle One well-known explanation of why companies become MNCs (multinational companies) is product cycle theory. According to this theory, the company will develop in the original market because of several advantages over its current competitors, such as the existence of market needs for at least one product supplier. Because information about the market and competition is more available in the country of origin, a company tends to become established in its home country first. Demand for products from other countries was initially met through exports. 

3.Imperfect markets theory
Countries have differences related to the availability of resources to produce goods. But with this comparative advantage, the volume of international business will be limited if all resources will be transferred between countries. If the market is very perfect, the factors of production (except land) can be transferred and transferred at no cost. This unlimited transfer of production factors will create a balance of costs and returns and eliminate comparative cost advantages, which are the basis of international trade and investment. 


_ metode go internasional adalah sebagai berikut
1. Ekspor
Kegiatan Ekspor adalah bentuk keterlibatan perusahaan dalam bisnis internasional yang paling sederhana.

2. Lisensi
Dengan melalui lisensi, suatu perusahaan pemberi lisensi menghibahkan beberapa hak kepada perusahaan asing, yang meliputi pemberian hak untuk memproses, hak cipta/keahlian.

3. Franchising
Franchising hampir sama dengan lisensi. Bedanya, selain menghibahkan izin penggunaan nama, proses, perusahaan membantu penerima franchise dalam operasi atau pasok bahan mentah.

4. Kontrak manajemen
Kontrak manajemen sering terjadi apabila suatu perusahaan menyewakan keahlian/pengetahuannya kepada pemerintah/perusahaan luar negeri. 

5. Investasi langsung
Bila suatu perusahaan melakukan investasi secara langsung dari luar negeri berarti benar-benar membuat komitmen atas modal, orang & kekayaan melampaui batas wilayah negaranya.

6. Patungan ( Joint Venture)
Patungan adalah kerjasama bisnis dimana satu atau lebih perusahaan bergabung bersama untuk mendirikan beberapa jenis operasi.

7. Investasi portofolio
Investasi portofolio dapat berupa investasi dalam bentuk surat-surat berharga yang dapat diperjualbelikan dipasar internasional.

8. Operasi global
Suatu perusahaan yang melakukan globalisasi operasi akan dapat mengambil peluang bisnis yang terjadi diseluruh dunia & tidak terbatas pada sector tertentu.
9. Kontrak manufacture
10. Cabang yang memiliki penuh